Let ACS help you navigate your career journey with tools, personal coaching and networking. Gas chromatography was used for analysis of citronellal component. If your favorite molecule is not in ourarchive, please send an email toacs-motw@acs.org. Time courses of substrate consumption and product formation in yeast cultures. It has been also shown that nerol is converted to linalool and -terpineol and linalool is also converted to -terpineol (King and Dickinson 2000, 2003). . In citronellol-rich lines, GDP, GP and CP were detected in nearly equimolar amounts, while citronellyl diphosphate was absent, suggesting that citronellol biosynthesis may proceed by reduction of GP to CP in this species. Can citronella oil be applied to skin? The citronellols are also monoterpene alcohols; they are the hydrogenated forms of geraniol. Additionally, studies have found that it it can be used in mouthwashes to kill harmful bacteria in the mouth, and it has a lower cytotoxic effect and higher action compared to some other commercial solutions. -Damascenone is different: It belongs to a family of unsaturated ketones known as rose ketones. Tunable Production of ( R)- or ( S)-Citronellal from Geraniol via a Google Scholar, Coates J (2000) Interpretation of infrared spectra: a practical approach. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Of citronellas active ingredients, the three that are most researched and valued include citronellol, citronellal and geraniol. Mller GC, Junnila A, Kravchenko VD, Revay EE, Butlers J, Schlein Y. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2C and F). Abd Elghani EM, El Sayed AM, Abdel-Aziz Emam MM, Al-Mahallawi AM, Tadros SH, Soliman FM, Youssef FS. Nature Biotechnology, 37(4), 420-423. Accessibility Learn more about this molecule from CAS, the most authoritative and comprehensive source for chemical information. Void Where Prohibited by Law. Furthermore, the repellents tested were more active when in the form of a continuous release diffuser than in candle form. Molecules. Without passing through citronellol, citronellic acid may be converted from geraniol/nerol through sequential conversions to geranial/neral and citronellal. Plus, this study showed off the terps ability to reduce oxidative stress responsible for tissue damage (12). Concentrations of geranic acid and citronellic acid produced in BY4741 culture for 10 d. Concentrations of geranic acid converted from geraniol, citral, and nerol (a) and citronellic acid converted from geraniol, citronellol, citronellal, citral, nerol, and geranic acid (b) were shown. This effect on the CNS was also reported in citronellal-treated mice. The result suggests that ADH1, ADH3, ADH4, and SFA1 genes might be involved in the oxidation of geraniol and production of geranic acid, citronellic acid, and citronellol. Ask your pediatrician before using citronella on children under the age of six months. Citronella essential oil is not recommended for use by pregnant women due to safety concerns. It is the primary component of citronella oil and is a primary component of rose oil, palmarosa oil. 2) (in a manner similar to that described in 1987 by Ryoji Noyori and . UGC, New Delhi, India is gratefully acknowledged for providing financial support to Ms. Aakanksha Wany (F1-17.1/2012-13/MANF-2012-13-CHR-CHH-9539) as JRF. PubChem . The repellency of geraniol candles was 50% while the diffusers provided a repellency rate of 97%. J Food Eng 102:348354, Article With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. These results indicate more potent activation of PPAR by citronellol than by geraniol, possibly due to the replace-ment of the geraniol double bond with the single bond of Citronellol exists in nature as two enantiomers, designated (+) and (). Candida can contribute to many skin concerns, such as nail infections. Liu H, Cheng Y, Wang X, Francis F, Wang Q, Liu X, Zhang Y, Chen J. Insects. Consult with a physician before use if you have a serious medical condition or use prescription medications. According to some research, you need to reapply citronella oil about every 3060 minutes for its bug-deterring effects to last. According to a review published by the, , geraniol sensitizes tumor cells to commonly used chemotherapy agents (. And dont forget to Follow Us on Instagram for behind-the-scenes insights and news. We determined the degree of personal protection provided by citronella, linalool, and geraniol in the form of commercially available candles or diffusers, both indoors and outdoors. aegypti feeding indoors. Oxidizing chemicals called free radicals can damage human DNA and other components inside cells. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The developed plates showed geraniol, citronellol and citronellal as major bands. In fact, free radicals are associated with cancer, Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, and more. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Lemongrass oil A somaclonal variant of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.) Biocatalytic pathways for the synthesis of ()-menthol, the most sold flavor worldwide, are highly sought-after. In: Meyers RA (ed) Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry. We know you're incredibly busy, so here are the key takeaways: Geraniol is an acyclic monoterpene alcohol (but don't drink it!). The geraniol /nerol 10-hydroxylase of Catharanthus roseus was among the first plant P450s to be characterized. National Library of Medicine. When citral or nerol was used as a substrate in BY4741 culture for 10 d, geranic acid was produced as observed in the culture where geraniol was added (Figure4a). and transmitted securely. In: National conference on forest biodiversity: earths living treasure FRI Kanpur, Katz TM, Miller JH, Hebert AA (2008) Insect repellents: historical perspectives and new developments. Nat Prod Res. Many people find it adds volume to hair and helps detangle knots. 1155 Sixteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA |service@acs.org|1-800-333-9511 (US and Canada) | 614-447-3776 (outside North America), Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society. It can help with management of inflammation and painful symptoms like joint aches. The .gov means its official. Pelargonium graveolens; Geraniaceae; Nudix hydrolase; essential oil; fragrance biosynthesis; glandular trichomes; monoterpene biosynthesis; plant volatiles. What is citronella good for? This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Monoterpenoid means that geraniol contains two copies of the building block isoprenes. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Main examples In vitro larvicidal activity of geraniol and citronellal against Sharp DC, Qian Y, Shellhammer G et al. Concentrations of geranic acid (gray column), citronellic acid (closed column), and citronellol (open column) (a) and geraniol (b) were shown. PubMed Growth and ethanol production were decreased in the adh1 and sfa1 strains after cultivation in YPD medium (Figure S4). The polarity of a covalent bond can be judged by determining the difference of the electronegativities of the two atoms involved in the covalent bond, as summarized in the following table: Electronegativity Difference. Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University. In addition, the molecular ion of nerol (m/z=154) and citronellol (m/z=156) were extracted from the total-ion count peak corresponding to citronellol detected in the BY4741 culture where geraniol was added (Figure S3). RSC Adv. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency states that it is generally safe and known to have little or no toxicity when used as a topical product on the skin. ACS-Hach Programs Collaborate with scientists in your field of chemistry and stay current in your area of specialization. To clarify the metabolic pathways from geraniol/nerol to geranic acid and from geraniol/nerol to citronellic acid, potential substrates for biosyntheses of geranic acid and citronellic acid were added to BY4741 culture. In fact, the most popular use for citronella is as an ingredient in homemade or commercially made bug sprays, since it naturally repels various insects and insect repellent is just one of citronellas many possible uses. So if you give your loved one perfume instead of roses for Valentines Day, she or he will likely get a whiff of one of them. Predicting the Azeotropic of Citronellal Enrichment Using Process Simulator This means the oils don't stick around to harm the environment after we toss them. You know what geraniums are (and if you dont, go check your mothers garden). Wiley, Chichester, pp 1081510837, Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Denkova Z, Stoyanova A, Murgov I, Schmidt E, Geissler M (2006) Antimicrobial testings and gas chromatographic analysis of pure oxygenated monoterpenes 1,8-cineole, -terpineol, terpinen-4-ol and camphor as well as target compounds in essential oils of pine (Pinus pinaster), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and tea tree (Melalaeuca alternifolia). This effect describes when two chemicals act together to produce a chemical effect that is stronger than either chemical alone. What is more evocative of Valentines Day than roses? Bookshelf The dichloromethane solution, methanol, and sulfuric acid were mixed at a ratio of 10:10:0.3 (v/v/v) in a screw-capped tube with polytetrafluoroethylene septum, and methyl esterification was performed at 94C, 3.3/s for 30 min on a hot plate magnetic stirrer. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. Host-Seeking and Blood-Feeding Behavior of - Oxford Academic National Center for Biotechnology Information. Efficacy of the botanical repellents geraniol, linalool, and citronella Geraniol candles repelled mosquitoes and sandflies five times more effectively than citronella candles and two times more effectively than linalool candles. Some studies have reported geraniol effects on the central nervous system in invertebrates and vertebrates, like neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antidepressant effects. Its concentration in rose oil is very small, but it contributes significantly to the aroma. Furthermore, the analysis of vibrational spectra was accomplished with Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) specifying all the functional groups as major peaks confirming all of them as monoterpene alcohols with conjugated double bonds. Yes, but it should always be mixed with a carrier oil like coconut or jojoba oil for external use. You may find the smell relaxes you for meditative moments when used in aromatherapy. Cymbopogon winterianusmain active ingredients include: Of the two types, Java is thought to be more powerful, and therefore its usually more expensive. Plant Growth Regul 73, 133145 (2014). To access the key intermediate (R)-citronellal used in current major industrial production routes, we established a one-pot bienzymatic cascade from inexpensive geraniol, overcoming the problematic biocatalytic reduction of the mixture of (E/Z)-isomers in citral by harnessing a . Geraniol is monoterpene alcohol that is a main ingredient of rose oil; it also is present in many other essential oils. (2019) SignalP 5.0 improves signal peptide predictions using deep neural networks. (Poaceae). Deletion of alcohol dehydrogenase genes such as ADH4 in brewing yeasts may be effective in prevention of the loss or decrease of geraniol and citronellol without affecting growth and ethanol production. The use of 2 m packaging column length in batch vacuum fractionation distillation. in essential . Effects of deletion of alcohol dehydrogenase gene on concentrations of geranic acid, citronellic acid, and citronellol produced and a concentration of residual geraniol. Geraniol contains an -OH group so can engage in hydrogen bonding, a Is citronella oil poisonous to cats? . Benefits of this citrusy oil include acting as a natural pest repellent, anti-inflammatory pain reliever, stress reducer, parasite destroyer, cleaning aid and natural deodorizer. 2017). 2015). ChemLuminary Awards Sanekata A, Tanigawa A, Takoi K et al. National Library of Medicine a, linalool; b, citronellol; c, geraniol; d, citronellic acid; e, geranic acid; f, nerol. This work was supported by a research fund to I.M. government site. Chemical Constituents of Citronella Oil | Download Table - ResearchGate Research published in theIsrael Medical Association Journalalso shows that citronella works to help prevent head lice, too. Learn how ACS can help you stay ahead in the world of chemistry. Due to its antioxidant properties, citronella can be used as a natural pain-relieving treatment. Geraniol, like all terpenes, is an organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules. Citral - Wikipedia Celebrating and advancing your work with awards, grants, fellowships & scholarships. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Cytosolic geraniol and citronellol biosynthesis require a Nudix 2015) and beer (Sharp etal. As geranic acid (Sanekata, et al. It is a colorless oil, although commercial samples can appear yellow. Older Post As an easy-to-make home remedy for acne, try dabbing one drop of pure citronella essential oil mixed with one drop of coconut oil on blemishes three times a day using a sterile cotton swab. Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) is an essential necrotrophic fungal pathogen with a broad host range.It is a worldwide fungus that causes grey mold disease with high damage in more than 500 plant species [].The economic losses associated with B. cinerea are a border in the agricultural industry, especially regarding cucumbers and tomatoes, which belong to the world's most economically valuable . The BASF menthol process utilizes (+)- (R)- citronellal which can be produced from either geraniol or nerol by chiral catalytic hydrogenation to (+)- (R)-citronellol (Ref. The media used were YPD medium (glucose, 20 g/L; polypepton, 20 g/L; yeast extract, 10 g/L) and minimal medium (maltose, 2 g/L; Leu/Trp/Ura DO supplement (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan), 0.62 g/L; uracil, 0.2 g/L; leucine, 1 g/L; yeast nitrogen base (Becton Dickinson Japan, Tokyo), 1.7 g/L; ammonium sulfate, 5 g/L). Whether you have sensitive skin or not, youll want to read the instructions that come with our isolates to make sure youre using it correctly. Geraniol is monoterpene alcohol that is a main ingredient of rose oil; it also is present in many other essential oils. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (, Chemical and genetic carotenoid deficiency delays growth in dark-grown Euglena gracilis, Pharmacokinetic profiles of 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid and its conjugates in Sprague-Dawley rats, Photosynthetic 1,8-cineole production using cyanobacteria, Identification of a derivative of the alkaloid emetine as an inhibitor of the YAP-TEAD interaction and its potential as an anticancer agent, Identification of genes responsible for absorbing palladium ion in Escherichia coli, About Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, About Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry, https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry. So having lots of free radicals is NOT a good thing. Extraction and characterization of essential oil components based on geraniol and citronellol from Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt). government site. It has been shown to repel dangerous Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are capable of spreading dengue fever and the Zika virus. According to scientific research, pure citronella essential oil is known to have amazing antibacterial and antifungal abilities. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Geraniol - Wikipedia Citronella has been registered asa gentle, plant-based bug spray ingredient in the U.S. since 1948. 2010b). Lemongrass essential oil can be confused for citronella essential oil and vice versa. This makes geraniol a very promising compound for future study into multi-targeted anti-cancer treatments. Citronellal | C10H18O | CID 7794 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. In this study, we focused on geraniol and nerol as the substrates of terpenoid biosynthesis and tried to clarify whether or not conversions of geraniol and nerol to terpenoids other than citronellol, linalool, and -terpineol take place under the catalysis of S. cerevisiae enzymes. Citronellal | C10H18O - PubChem Biosyntheses of geranic acid and citronellic acid from monoterpene What is Geraniol? 9 Powerful Uses and Benefits of this Potent Terpene Disclaimer. This effect describes when two chemicals act together to produce a chemical effect that is stronger than either chemical alone. 2008 Mar;24(1):154-60. doi: 10.2987/8756-971X(2008)24[154:AOEOCT]2.0.CO;2. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Cameleyre M, Lytra G, Tempere S et al. 2023 Jan 11;290(1990):20222118. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2118. Kulkarni SS, Ravindra NS, Srinivas KV, Kulkarni RN. Concomitant with decreases in the sum of geranic acid, citronellic acid, and citronellol concentrations, residual geraniol concentrations increased in these deletion strains (Figure6b), indicating marked decreases in geraniol consumption in the adh1, adh3, adh4, and sfa1 strains. You can combine several drops with coconut oil and spread it on your body like lotion, or add some to a spray bottle with water and cover your skin, hair and clothes. to citronellal (4) in the presence of a [RhI(ligand)cycloocta-1,5-diene)]+catalyst, the atropic ligands 5 - 11are compared under homogeneous and polymer-supported conditions with the 2007) are not odor-active, formation of geranic acid and citronellic acid would result in a decrease of aromas in alcoholic beverages due to a loss or decrease of geraniol and citronellol with strong aromatic properties (King and Dickinson 2000). Under the uniform conditions of the experiments, all substances repelled significantly more mosquitoes than the unprotected control. Outdoors, citronella diffusers placed 6 m from mosquito traps repelled female mosquitoes by 22%, linalool repelled females by 58%, and geraniol repelled females by 75%. Extraction and characterization of essential oil components based on That means its a natural nontoxic mode of action against potentially harmful insects like mosquitoes. This is where geraniols powerful antioxidant properties come in handy. Cats are known to be more sensitive to citronella than dogs, so its not recommended to use it around cats. Aharoni, A., Giri, A.P., Deuerlein, S., Griepink, F., de Kogel, W.-J., Verstappen, F.W.A. Geraniol May Be Used as an Insect Repellent and Pesticide, Geraniol candles repelled mosquitoes and sandflies five times more effectively than citronella candles and two times more effectively than linalool candles, Geraniol Has Antimicrobial and Antibacterial Properties, Geraniol Even Has Antioxidant, Antitumor, and Anticancer Properties. Helium (>99.99995%) was used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, and thermal conditions were set at 250C for a sample injection port and 230C for a MS ion source. The mosquito repellency of three components against the DF's vector, Aedes aegypti, was assessed, and the results are provided in Table 2. The concentrations of citronellic acid with nerol and citral were lower than that with geraniol. To access the key intermediate (R)-citronellal used in current major industrial production routes, we established a one-pot bienzymatic cascade from inexpensive geraniol, overcoming the problematic biocatalytic reduction of the mixture of (E/Z)-isomers in citral by harnessing a . Characterization of 12-Oxophytodienoic Acid Reductases from Rose-scented Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). are clickable links to these studies. Its sweet rose odor has hints of citrus, so its the perfect fragrance material for perfumes and creams. In fact, free radicals are associated with cancer, Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease, and more. Theyre thought to contribute to aging, arteriosclerosis, and asthma (9). Rec Nat Prod 5:290299, Sangwan NS, Yadav U, Sangwan RS (2001) Molecular analysis of genetic diversity in elite Indian cultivars of essential oil trade types of aromatic grasses (Cymbopogon species). In the case of geraniol and anisaldehyde, exposure to concentrations higher than 0.025 g/cm 3 for 24 h induced inhibition of complete engorgement. This Dr. Axe content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure factually accurate information. Geranic acid and citronellic acid were methyl-esterified with modification of the previously described method (Kusumah etal. Addition of citral, a mixture of geranial and neral, resulted in the production of geranic acid and citronellic acid, whereas the addition of citral or citronellal resulted in the production of citronellic acid, suggesting that citronellic acid might be produced through the conversion of citral to citronellal followed by the oxidation of citronellal. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) J Supercrit Fluids 52:171177. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. Trop Med Int Health. In both cultures, citronellol increased within 8 d and then decreased after 10 d, and geranic acid and citronellic acid were almost not produced within 2-d cultivation. The solvent collected at the bottom of the column can be collected and separated over time. Its found in plant essential oils that come from plants and fruits like geranium oil, palmarosa oil, Java citronella oil, or rose oil. The organic phase was collected using a Pasteur pipette for measurement by GC-MS. After 10-time dilution of sonication extracts or products of methyl esterification with dichloromethane, 1 L of the organic phase was injected to GC-MS Focus GC-DSQII (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Yokohama, Japan) or 7890GC/5977MSD (Agilent Technologies, Tokyo, Japan), which equipped a capillary column HP-5MS UI (30 m0.25 mm ID, 0.25 m film thickness, Agilent Technologies, Tokyo, Japan). National Institutes of Health. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Beneti SC, Rosset E, Corazza ML, Frizzo CD, Luccio MD, Oliveira JV (2011) Fractionation of citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) essential oil and concentrated orange oil phase by batch vacuum distillation. Scientists demonstrated the protective effects of geraniol on rat subjects that suffered traumatic spinal injuries. Genet Resour Crop Evol 47:553559, Article The () isomer, however, is the one that occurs in the oils of roses and geraniums. The citronellal . Zhang JW, Li BY, Lu XX, Zheng Y, Wang D, Zhang Z, Zeng D, Du SS. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. In the preliminary study, we have found that citronellal in the distillate with concentration of more than 90% was mixed with other components, mainly citronellol and geraniol. 2013), is dominantly converted to citronellol or citronellic acid. 3.4 Citral hydrogenation. and transmitted securely. Studies on essential oil from rose-scented geranium. Here are some of its many benefits and uses: The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency considers citronella to be a biopesticide. Companies also use it in small quantities to enhance flavors like lemon, grapefruit, lime, and orange. Though lower concentrations of geranic acid and citronellic acid were detected in NCYC 1681 culture compared to those in BY4741 culture, the citronellic acid concentration also increased from the 8th day to the 10th day markedly (Figure3b). The biotransformation study of monoterpene alcohols during fermentation of hopped beer using various hop cultivars has revealed that the concentrations of geraniol and citronellol in finished beer increase, depending on the initial concentration of geraniol in the wort (Takoi etal. 2018) and citronellic acid (Schmiedeberg etal. National Library of Medicine You can also try citronella essential oil in these other DIY recipes: Wondering where to buy citronella oil? Plant Physiol. In its ability to fight free radicals, geraniol may have antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer properties. Hydrolysis of the phosphate groups leads to the prototypical acyclic monoterpenoid geraniol. Writing in theJournal of Chemical Educationin 2011, Albrecht Mannschreck and Erwin von Angerer* at the University of Regensburg (Germany) gave a full accounting of roses aroma constituents. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). GluER, gave (S)-citronellal from geraniol with 95.3% conversion and 99.2% ee. No linalool candles were available for study but linalool diffusers repelled mosquitoes by 93%. eCollection 2023 Jan 6. But did you ever wonder about the compounds in roses that are responsible for the flowers wonderful scent? Aharoni, A., Giri, A.P., Verstappen, F.W.A., Bertea, C.M., Sevenier, R., Sun, Z. et al. All trademarks and copyrights are property of their respective owners and are not affiliated with nor do they endorse this product. It can help eliminate excess oil and greasiness of hair while adding shine. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the It is commonly used in perfumes. The minimal media with or without yeast inoculation were incubated at 20C with orbital shaking. These data suggest that BY4741 enzymes related to metabolism of monoterpene alcohols have higher affinities to geraniol than nerol. CAS First, geraniol was added to BY4741 culture. Terpenoids were extracted by sonication once with 25 mL dichloromethane for 10 min and twice with 15 mL dichloromethane for 10 min each. An official website of the United States government. Anecdotal evidence suggests allergic contact dermatitis, or sensitive human skin irritation, may be a side effect of topical geraniol use (15). The (+)-isomer is more common and takes its name from citronella oils. Add several drops to a spray bottle along with water, shake it up and spray it throughout your home and on household items. In this study, we have predicted the azeotropic system in fractionation unit for Whats even more amazing is the effect that geraniol may have on tumors. Always look for one that is 100 percent pure, organic and therapeutic-grade that was created with chemical-free CO2 extraction methods. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes geraniol as safe for human consumption when used appropriately (. The geraniol 10-hydroxylase was purified from seedlings and cell cultures, and the activity reconstituted. We provide evidence that their biosynthesis mainly takes place in the cytosol of glandular trichomes via geranyl monophosphate (GP) through the action of a Nudix hydrolase. When it comes to using essential oils for hair, there are plenty Peppermint oil is one of the most versatile essential oils out there. Phytomedicine. are clickable links to medically peer-reviewed studies. Several NFCs under consideration, such as Balm Oil (FEMA 2113), Citronella Oil (FEMA 2308) and Lemongrass Oil (FEMA 2624), have a lemon-like character. A 2015 report published in Rural Remote Health states, The topical application of citronella oil can be employed as an easily-available, affordable and effective alternative mosquito repellent to prevent mosquito-borne diseases in rural areas such as Tikapur, Nepal.. Ceylon citronella is obtained from the Cymbopogon nardusplant and has the following active ingredients: It has a scent similar to citrus fruits, wood and cinnamon. But it also acts as an antimicrobial agent to destroy bacteria and fungi harmful to our health! Its considered safe for topical use (not internal) for adults and children over six months of age. Its sweet, floral, and citrusy notes work well in perfumes and creams. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) Aside from its use as a flavor and an aroma, scientific literature suggests geraniol has many therapeutic uses. What is citronella? It may also prevent flies and ticks from biting you to some degree. FOIA . Solved Rank the components of spearmint oil: limonene, - Chegg