descriptive representation pros and cons

Of course, descriptive representation is not logically necessary to promote minority interests. Gives others the ability to learn and develop new skills 3. . The Journal of Politics, 64(4), 11531174. People still have a voice. Descriptive statistics for the importance of the pros and cons Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. London: Routledge. This form of research provides insight on human nature, we are able to understand basic psychological processes from this. This research could include the information on the raw numbers of people who buy the product, the demographics of the end user and the focus groups that ask for consumer feedback on the product. Democracy and disagreement. Summarize a large amount of data in a visual, easily interpretable form Make trends easier to highlight than tables do it helps in studying patterns over long period of time it is used to compare data sets. A main aspect of marginalization. 2. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. What Are the Advantages of Qualitative Research? Once you have this descriptive research, you can use it to focus your next ad campaign to the right clientele. As Shaw and McKay, found out that the rates of crime were not evenly spread out across areas of the city, and around the city. The rapid increase in the minority population has led to some backlash and challenges for law, Descriptive Representation In The United States, Descriptive representation has been on the rise for some time. Descriptive Representation and Intergroup Relations in Comparative Perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. At extended last, mindful neighbors will probably concur upon common issues and cooperate to explain, As we look at social disorganization theory we knew that they were using spatial maps to look at the locations of juveniles. (2012). The limitation that comes with statistics is that it can't allow you to make any sort of conclusions beyond the . The changing nature of European equality regimes. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 21(2). Tables can be useful if trying to. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? U.S Congress.docx - Surname 1 Name: Professor: Course: A major reason is that until well into the twentieth century, white men of European background constituted an overwhelming majority of the voting population. Fraser, N. (2013). Pros of Representative Democracy. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? Often, tracking down survey groups that can provide pertinent data costs a significant amount of time and money. Shaw and McKay created common complication hypothesis to explain variety crosswise over neighborhoods. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. Proportional Representation: Definition, Example, Pros & Cons Pros and Cons of different Prescriptive Analytics technologies | by AlainChabrier | IBM Data Science in Practice | Medium Write Sign up Sign In 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our. You do not currently have access to this chapter. The first disadvantage is that descriptive research requires more skills. 518). The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation - ResearchGate Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. The three that we visit on every trip to Atlanta are Six Flags, Stone Mountain, and the Atlanta Aquarium. CrossRef "American Government", OpenStax, OpenStax; Rice University. 3. Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip- Descriptive representation should be judged primarily on this criterion. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. 1. List of the Cons of Proportional Representation 1. Como Hacer Suero De Leche Venezolano, Subject materials can be evaluated with greater detail. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This form of representation is called descriptive representation. Galligan, Y. As graphical representations are exhibited through numerical figures, tables, or graphs, it usually involves fewer errors and mistakes. Should Congress Look Like America? 1. An example of descriptive statistics would be finding a pattern that comes from the data you've taken. 3. There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. While Gain seats easily: A party that receives a high enough percentage of votes has a seat in . Guinier, L. (1994). A contingent yes. Methodological essentialism, false difference, and other dangerous traps. (pp. Arena Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, Sognsveien 68, 0855, Oslo, Norway, You can also search for this author in Would perfect mobility be perfect? Copyright 2020 Chemtech Speciality India Pvt. Weak coalition government: Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. When it comes to confidentiality, some respondents won't give answers to questionnaires and interviews. Norsk Statsvitenskaplig Tidsskrift, 13(3). Comparative state feminism. See below. Proportional representation, sometimes called simply "PR," is defined as an "electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them." This is different than a direct system of representation, where each seat is put up to a vote for a specific candidate, regardless of what party to which they associate. There are many different types of data presentation. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. (eds) Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation. MMP will give voters more power in their decisions as well as create the kind of democratic government Canada is in dire need of. We would say that a black constituent is descriptively represented when she has a black member of Congress, regardless of whether that member of Congress . The pros of mixed-member proportional representation This conclusion is complicated by the fact that some regard equal group level outcomes not as a good in and by itself but as the best available proxy for equal opportunities given available data and conventional statistical techniques (Phillips 2004). As countries become more and more divers, they are looking for better understanding on descriptive representation and the driving force in regards to the minorities within their nation state. The tyranny of the majority: Fundamental fairness in representative democracy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. For example, raw numbers may show that people are more prone to a specific behavior, but an interview will explain why this behavior is occurring. The descriptive evaluation was proposed as opposed to traditional method of evaluation and it is based on new strategies for facing the government's challenges. The advantages of using tables and graphs to organize data include easy visualization of statistics, poignant descriptions of data, the provision of a summary of the overall work and the interest people show to graphics over words, according to Texas A&M University. Institutionalizing intersectionality. The results show that descriptive representation contributes to substantive representation, even if the costs of participating outweigh the electoral benefits. Democracy With Adequate Representation. Enter your library card number to sign in. The second pro argument says that descriptive representation contributes exactly on this point, as far as social and cultural research show not only that people with significant descriptive characteristics may have overlapping experiences and interests shaping political preferences, but also that they communicate better among themselvesthe communication It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. On the benefit side, intersectionality, welfare state and democratization seem to deliver several of the same goods as descriptive representation, raising the question of whether descriptive representation is at all recommendable, given what we know of its costliness. Rallies and protests have emerged from incidents that dealt with racial profiling. These are part of business analytics, which extract value from your business data. PDF The Symbolic Bene ts of Descriptive and Substantive Representation London: Palgrave Macmillan. Delegation of tasks to others offers the following benefits: 1. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Descriptive representation is a way of thinking about representation in which it is thought to be important that representatives have the same racial, gender, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more women and minorities enter the ranks of committee and party leadership. In todays world, these injustices still remain an issue and arguably have become worst. Experimental research offers the highest levels of control. It is great to see people who feel like they are finally getting the representation they deserve. The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. Affordable. Weak coalition government:Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. This however has created an increase in of social anxiety among some people in American. They delineate achievement and motivate students to study hard and perform well. If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institutions website, please contact your librarian or administrator. Bicameral Legislature Pros and Cons List | NYLN.org The 113th Congress, has twenty-eight Hispanic U.S. 38 E Locust St, Mechanicsburg, Pa, Democratic political theory. The 116th Congress has been the most racially and ethnically diverse in U.S. history, with 56 Black members, 43 Hispanic members, 17 Asian members, and four Native American members. The closer assessment of pros and cons will. How Do Parliamentarians Define Descriptive Representation? Bicameral legislature emanates from the concept of representative democracy. My examination of hearing transcripts from the 107th Congress indicates that minority legislators are more likely than white legislators to participate in racial-oversight hearings but not more likely than whites to participate in social welfare hearings. The actual empirical variation and the detailed characteristics of state feminism around the globe are different matters and not the topic of this chapter. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. (1999). Compare the gains and losses of a proposal in the decision-making process. Descriptive statistics are functions of the sample data that are intrinsically interesting in describing some feature of the data. Proportional representation is a complicated form of election. Furthermore, women in the profession of politics often express a lack of interest in running for office and they are often subjected to the effect of career ceilings. 10 Anson Road,#11-20, International Plaza, Singapore-079903. - Volume 55 Issue 2. While Congress is dominantly a male, white institution, the creation of majority-minority districts in the early 1990s resulted in the election of African-Americans and Hispanics to Congress. Oxford: Oxford University Press. However, in substantive representation, it is not necessary for the representative to have a similar background or shared characteristics with the people he represents. Post- 2000 redistricting created more majority-Latino districts, although the absolute number of Latino legislators did not increase correspondingly. Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in. The purpose of this study is to examine the consequences of the level of descriptive representation of women in the National Parliament (NP) and European Parliament (EP) on the substantive representation of women. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. From Your Site Articles Because Of Modern Feminism Disney Princess Gender Roles Are . London: Sage. Fortunes of feminism. Even though the movie broke some barriers, Disney and other film companies still have more progress to make to adequately represent their viewers. (2004). ), Deliberative systems: Deliberative democracy at the large scale. Discrimination has not fallen short in any way and continues to build barriers for many people of color. That's pretty straightforward. Democratic legitimacy. Representing consumer institutions: The case of American health planning. Sound Bar vs. Surround Sound - Pros and cons - Descriptive Audio The goal of a time restriction is to create a measurable outcome so that metrics can be in place. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. The purpose of descriptive research, aside from describing a certain population or situation, is to know the basic knowledge of a study. The documentary forces us to, The United States is the most racially diverse nation in the world. Nimantran Patra In Marathi For Birthday, Defending equality of outcome. - 136.243.94.45. Previous Figure Next Figure. Growing up in America, children are taught by their grade school teachers to be proud of being American. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). By making the decision-making process more . Aldershot: Ashgate. Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Perhaps youve even made it yourself. (1982). It is an Efficient Form of Government. Lafont, C. (2006). Journal of European Social Policy, 19(1), 1933. Journal of Political Philosophy, 12(1), 119. This may help you better understand research findings, whether reported in the mainstream 625 Words 3 Pages Decent Essays Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. Racial and ethnic minorities accounted for 90 percent of the population growth in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the United States is rapidly becoming even more diverse. Black faces, black interests: The representation of African-Americans in congress. In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter. When nondescriptive representatives have, for various reasons, greater SDLC models might have a different approach but the basic phases and activity remain the same for all the models. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics: How to Analyze Your Data The theory of the politics of presence (Phillips 1995) provides reasons for expecting a link between descriptive and substantive representation. The current reservation system keeps 13% of vacancies in government sector reserved for SC, 7.5 % for ST and 27.5% for OBC. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. Movies represent cultural values and Disney's legacy of mostly white princesses depicts our racist society. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Descriptive representation is a representation in which representatives have similar backgrounds to the people they represent. ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. The Pros and Cons of Writing Description. In the first place, learning of our neighbors gives us the inclination that we must keep an eye out for them. Crenshaw, K. (1991). There are many time restrictions that are placed on research methods. PDF Descriptive and Substantive Representation in Congress: Evidence from Political Therorists, Parliamentarians and the Meaning of Unequal Representation. 12 Proportional Representation Pros and Cons - Vittana.org African Americans were routinely deprived of the opportunity to participate in democracy, and Hispanics and other minority groups were fairly insignificant in number and excluded by the states. The Impact of Descriptive Representation on Substantive Representation This is a lesson from the tutorial, American Congress and you are encouraged to log Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Here are the major reasons for using graphics to highlight the pros & cons: Show the pluses and minuses of specific options. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. It is widely used in Europe and has both advantages and disadvantages. Discover the world's research Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. The predominant theory that descriptive representation improves a constituent's relationship with the state (Mansbridge 1999) has led to the study of how sharing a salient identity with one's representative positively affects attitudes toward government.In particular, political science has examined the effect of descriptive representation on political efficacy, a measure of trust and sense . Towards a European union gender equality index. That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Liza Hollis has been writing for print and online publications since 2003. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons. https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. The imaginary domain: Abortion, pornography and sexual harassment. Phillips, A. What is Descriptive Analysis?- Types and Advantages - Analytics Steps Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). . The institutional basis of democratic accountability. Descriptive representation A belief that constituents are more effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in such key demographic characteristics as race, gender, ethnicity, or religion Racial gerrymandering The drawing of a legislative district to maximize th chance that a minority candidate will win the election Veto Various reforms such as the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Acts were implemented during the civil rights era as they helped promote greater inclusion and equity to, but not limited to, African Americans and Mexican-Americans. The representation of women in Australia: Meaning and make-believe. Qualitative research, such as surveys and interviews, make information relatable to the reader. View all access and purchase options for this article. Being a high school student I never payed much attention to anything outside of sports, academics and what crazy adventure me and my friends would be sucked into the upcoming weekend. With descriptive representation, decision makers will be more diverse and may therefore be more likely to listen to the input of more diverse citizens, to give and receive from them the kind of information that is relevant to their concerns, and to respond to their expressed needs (Broockman, 2013). In S. Besson & J. L. Mart (Eds. Peter, F. (2011). 3. Other hybrid approaches have been suggested for visual-spatial and model-based reasoning. "Share icon", Quan Do, The Noun Project. Oxford: Polity Press. Towards a European union gender equality index. Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. The pros: Its the best way to collect data without bias. descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. Descriptive research provides numerical descriptions that identify what the thing being studied looks like in terms of its size, location, and frequency. These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. . PubMedGoogle Scholar, Uni Research Rokkan Centre, Bergen, Norway, Centre for Womens and Gender Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Holst, C. (2016). Top Advantages & Disadvantages of Reservation System in India Proportional representation (PR) is an electoral system that tries to create a representative body that better reflects all of the citizens' interests in an electorate or voting district. Given Australia's ethnic diversity, it is agreed by most political and sociological scholars that such diversity is lacking in Australian legislative bodies.1 A point of contention lies in whether MEM representatives are able to actually implement legislation that will represent the views of minorities in their electorate (substantive representation) or whether the number of MEM representatives in legislative bodies is sufficient for representation (descriptive representation).2 In this essay, after discussing the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation, I will argue that both theories are linked because elected minority representatives are often best equipped at dealing with the issues of minorities and that MEM representatives have a positive impact on voters. A complete Idea: Such representation creates a clear and complete idea in the mind of the audience. Despite of this diversity the American communities have been marginalized since forever. Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Plantenga, J., Remery, C., Figueiredo, H., & Smith, M. (2009). It is an Efficient Form of Government. Goodin highlights that legislatures and governments need not include all groups and subgroups in society to represent the fact of diversity. Comparing two schools within two separate districts instead of simply two schools in the city will add an additional layer of depth to this analysis, in that differences in the districts particular policies can be examined as to whether or not they contribute to the findings. New York: Oxford University Press. Young, I. M. (1990). terminology - What is the difference between descriptive and You might also like. The politics of presence. Acta Politica, 4, 389403. Study designs Centre for Evidence-Based - University of Oxford ), Redistribution or recognition? In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. Like Mink, many other women sought and won political office, many with the help of the NWPC. Mart, J. L. (2006). Ironic to think that is how one is taught to act but stereotypes are now bigger than ever right? What is a Descriptive Representative? thanked the writer. New York: Routledge. On the relationship between gender democracy and gender equality in the EU. It occurs when two or more parties are represented by the same real estate brokerage. Quantitative Methodology. New York: Verso. The contention is that such similarity in success prospects requires social and economic redistribution and not only anti-discrimination and equal treatment (what Rawls refers to as formal equal opportunities). Equal outcomes on an individual level would have implied that each and every individual got the same bundle of goods and burdens in question. Conclusion. Letters can be written to their representatives. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press. Williams, M. S. (1998). Rawls, J. Norris, P., & Franklin, M. (1997). Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a Applicable. London: Routledge. descriptive representation pros and cons - chemtechspeciality.com The electoral advantage of the incumbents presents a stumbling block on the advancement of new groups into the institution. 8. Theory Given that the case study focuses on an Australian MEM representative, I will use the definition of 'ethnic' by Gianni Zappala. ), Representation and redistricting issues. Acceptability: Such a report is acceptable to busy persons because it easily highlights the theme of the report. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. ), Has liberalism failed women? The Pros And Cons Of Labor. Ethics, 91, 431450. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Fraser, N. (2003). Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. The affirmative action controversy. It could be argued that PR delivers fairer treatment of minority parties and independent candidates. Accountability and political representation of national minorities: a forgotten link? Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. Saarbrcken: VDM Verlag Dr. Mller. Kymlicka, W. (1993). Using an analytical tool such as a pros-and-cons list emphasizes the objective, "just the facts" side of decision making. nicknames with honey in them; westminster college wrestling; how do cat cafes pass health inspections; arcadia edu audio tour; karns supermarket weekly ads When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. so that you can track your progress. [Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation - SpringerLink Advantage. Bone conduction headphones have many pros, including no ear wax build-up or infections, and they can be helpful for people with tinnitus. Profiles: Google Scholar, Dataverse, OSF, R-Forge, Mastodon, YouTube, Libra.unine.ch, (Figshare), (SSRN), (Kudos). Namely, the institutional design of the state legislature matters in terms of electoral responsiveness, with Florida and New Mexico the most responsive, and New York and the U.S. House the least responsive to the election of Latino legislators. Political Representation - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

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