Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley | English statesman Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. Doodle's Point of View This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. DOCX www.oasisacademywintringham.org Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. Company Reg no: 04489574. Died: 24 March 1603. gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room 14-16 / There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. The conspirators including Babington were all. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. In July, the Spanish fleet was seen off Cornwall and signal fires known as beacons were lit along the south coast to send the news to the Elizabeth who was in London. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Marys execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. Edward was born on 12 October 1537 in his mother's room inside Hampton Court Palace, in Middlesex. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. VAT reg no 816865400. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. After his death, his two sons Harold and Hardicanute took over the throne in succession. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. By this time radical Puritan sectaries were perceived to be . Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. - Leith blockade. Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. The raid on Cadiz was a good strategic move by the English and not only weakened the Spanish, but strengthened the English. Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY Life of Catholics in Elizabethan era | Laws against Catholics From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. Continue with Recommended Cookies. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of Europe. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. Foreign Affairs / Overview of Elizabeth I / Historical Association By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland was part of the Rising in the North in 1569. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. Manage Settings To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and