The Life of the Most Illustrious Prince John, Duke of Argyle and John Hely-Hutchinson, Viscount Suirdale, eldest son of the Earl of Donoughmore, 80. At coronations, apart from the differentiation of princely coronets from ducal coronets, a royal duke is also entitled to six rows of ermine spots on his mantle, as opposed to the four rows borne by an "ordinary" duke. Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, Viscount Melgund, eldest son of the Earl of Minto, 93. Benjamin Moore, Viscount Moore, eldest son of the Earl of Drogheda, 63. There was formerly an Earl Marshal of Ireland and earl marischal of Scotland . The Duke of Norfolk is considered the Premier Duke of England. Lawrence Parsons, Lord Oxmantown, eldest son of the Earl of Rosse (Peerage of Ireland), 88. A guide to the honors system. | Scandinavian Traveler This is a list of the 190 present and extant earls in the Peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Duke of Hamilton, General Blake, Duke of Albemarle, Earl of Shaftsbury, Duke of Monmouth, Admiral Ruyter, . It is the eighth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Constable and above the Lord High Admiral. Pool/Max Mumby/Getty Images Much of the world is fascinated by the British royals, with all of their titles. Both titles are reserved for princes (and their descendants). Henry Noel, Viscount Campden, eldest son of the Earl of Gainsborough, 110. Earls of England - WappenWiki Why the British monarchy is running out of noble - The Conversation Fergus Mackay, Viscount Glenapp, eldest son of the Earl of Inchcape, 128. Heir Apparent: Charles Gordon-Lennox, Earl of March and Kinrara. The Duke of Gloucester is The Queen's cousin and a full-time working member of the Royal Family. Dukedoms are the highest titles in the British roll of peerage, and the holders of these particular dukedoms are princes of the blood royal. The general order of precedence among dukes is: Whilst the general order of precedence is set according to the age of the peerage, the sovereign's Grace may accord any peer higher precedence than his date of creation would warrant. Rhuridh Montgomerie, Lord Montgomerie, eldest son of the Earl of Eglinton and Winton, 19. The general order of precedence among dukes is: Whilst the general order of precedence is set according to the age of the peerage, the sovereign's Grace may accord any peer higher precedence than his date of creation would warrant. When chivalry declined in importance, the constable's post declined and the Earl Marshal became the head of the College of Arms, the body concerned with all matters of genealogy and heraldry. Even edging up four places from last year in the master list to number ten, as his wealth increases to a grand total of 10.295 billion. Jetzt verfgbar bei AbeBooks.de - Listing Template 2018 Home About Us View Feedback Contact Us 1937 ROYALTY Coronation Duke Gloucester Queen Mary Earl Harewood Athlone (318)Click image to enlargeDescription1937 May 8thOriginal Antique Print taken from the Illustrated London News:'TO BE PRESENT AT THE CORONATION: NEAR RELATIONS OF THE KING'Overall size of this Full Pageprint is approx 40cm x . Duke of Richmond | Familypedia | Fandom John Douglas-Hamilton, Lord Daer, eldest son of the Earl of Selkirk, 32. Five of these are ceremonial James Grimston, Viscount Grimston, eldest son of the Earl of Verulam, 95. Jonathan Boyle, Viscount Dungarvan, eldest son of the Earl of Cork and Orrery, 60. Richard wedged it in above earls in status, a controversial move. Signup for our newsletter to get notified about sales and new products. Current royal dukedoms. Good to know in case you get that invite to stay at some nobleman's country estate. He'd been a Private in the British army, serving in Arabia and being shot at by Bedouin, when he got notification that his tit. Women are not eligible to succeed to most hereditary peerages. In addition, the Dukedom of Marlborough was once inherited by a woman, the 2nd Duchess of Marlborough, through a special remainder, as happened to the Dukedom of Hamilton when it was inherited by Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton and also the royal Dukedom of Fife, which was created for the Earl Fife by Queen Victoria, on the occasion of his marriage to Louise, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of the future King Edward VII. A Very British Scandal: What happened to the Duke Of Argyll? The premier duke of Scotland is the Duke of Hamilton and Brandon. The honors system has nothing to do . Today there are 115 viscounts. Dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of heirs of Dukes in the Peerages of the British Isles, Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk, Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond, Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 16th Duke of Hamilton, Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Lennox, Alexander Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of Brandon, Alexander Montagu, 13th Duke of Manchester, Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Gordon. The older your peerage, the more status within your rank. Prince Andrew, Queen Elizabeth II's second son, was dubbed Duke of York when he married in 1986, for example. Frederick North, Lord North, eldest son of the Earl of Guilford, 48. Sorted by (historical) entity at time of grant, Earldoms in the Peerage of England, 10661707, Earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland, 10721707, Earldoms in the Peerage of Great Britain, 17071801, Earldoms in the Peerage of Ireland, 12051831, Earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, 1801 to present. Also 11th Duke and Duchess of Lennox and 6th Duke and Duchess of Gordon. The royal dukes are Dukes of the United Kingdom, but rank higher in the order of precedence than the age of their titles warrants, due to their close relationship to the monarch. James Wood, Lord Irwin, eldest son of the Earl of Halifax, 130. The Duke of Ireland was a title used for only two years and is somewhat confusing since only a small portion of Ireland was really under the control of England in 1386; it is not to be confused with the dukedoms of the Peerage of Ireland. Lady Amelia Windsor. Clarence has not been used since 1478, when George (the brother of Edward IV) was executed for treason. But it placed junior "Dukes of the Blood Royal" above the most senior non-royal duke, junior "Earls of the Blood Royal" above the most senior non-royal earl (cf. Although marquess is the second-highest peerage rank, you don't hear much about it. 144963533527 The last English dukedom to be forfeit became so in 1715. Somehow we had used double the fuel as last week, with only . Any peer can bear his coronet of rank on his coat of arms above the shield. Today, there are 34 marquesses. This highest-ranking title was created in 1337 by King Edward III, who conferred the title Duke of Cornwall upon his oldest son. Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Lord Ashley, eldest son of the Earl of Shaftesbury, 11. Harry Primrose, Lord Dalmeny, eldest son of the Earl of Rosebery and Midlothian, 40. The Marquesses and their 100,000 acres - Who owns England? For a more complete list, which adds these "hidden" earldoms as well as extinct, dormant, abeyant, and forfeit ones, see List of earldoms. It seems likely that the 'lower orders' of the peerage have fared less well than the Dukes in keeping their estates intact since the heyday of the . ); the earl's daughters are Ladies. He is the eighth of the great officers of State in the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the lord high constable and above the lord high admiral. This is a list of the 29 present dukes in the peerages of the Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1927 and after. Alexander Palmer, Viscount Wolmer, eldest son of the Earl of Selborne, 119. Did England kick him off the island? Note that it does not include extant earldoms which have become merged (either through marriage or elevation) with marquessates or dukedoms and are today only seen as subsidiary titles. A British or Irish duke is entitled to a coronet (a silver-gilt circlet, chased as jewelled but not actually gemmed) bearing eight conventional strawberry leaves on the rim of the circlet. Earl is the oldest title in the British peerage, dating back to the 11th century. How many earls currently exist? Current English Earldoms - C RACROFT'S P EERAGE James Harris, Viscount FitzHarris, eldest son of the Earl of Malmesbury, 59. Earl marshal (alternatively marschal or marischal) is a hereditary royal officeholder and chivalric title under the sovereign of the United Kingdom used in England (then, following the Act of Union 1800, in the United Kingdom). Deputy Earls Marshal have been named at various times, discharging the responsibilities of the office during the minority or infirmity of the Earl Marshal. Charles Bingham, Lord Bingham, eldest son of the Earl of Lucan, 77. William Herbert, Lord Porchester, eldest son of the Earl of Carnarvon, 57. Heathcote Ruthven, Viscount Ruthven of Canberra, eldest son of the Earl of Gowrie, 131. Assuming that Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster and George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews succeed their fathers to become third Duke of Gloucester and third Duke of Kent respectively, their peerages (as created in 1928 and 1934) will cease to be royal dukedoms; instead their holders will become "ordinary" dukes. Duke of Devonshire - Wikipedia . Nonetheless, for the last few centuries of English history, earldoms have always been created by letters patent or charters, and the volume of earldoms has long exceeded the number of territorial counties, and, as a result, the names of many earldoms are associated with smaller units (estates, villages, families, etc.). Much of the world is fascinated by the British royals, with all of their titles. Over the centuries, peerages were inherited, created or conferred by the British king or queen, originally to landowners who advised him or her, as a sort of Royal council. This page was last edited on 18 February 2023, at 10:26. If you're looking for some familiarity with your first campaign, he's. The highly-anticipated Fairmont Windsor Park is a grand and indulgent English countryside hotel located on the edge of Windsor Great Park, surrounded by 40 acres of open gardens. The following is a list of dukedoms previously created for members of the royal family, but which have subsequently merged in the crown, become extinct or have otherwise ceased to be royal dukedoms. Debretts peerage, baronetage, knightage, and companionage: with Her Majestys Royal Warrant Holders. Kingston upon Thames, Surrey: KellysDirectories Ltd. The Earl Of Sandwich Is A Real Dude. Here's Everything You - HuffPost Charles King-Tenison, Viscount Kingsborough, eldest son of the Earl of Kingston, 69. List of dukes in the peerages of Britain and Ireland - Wikipedia William Hay, Viscount Dupplin, eldest son of the Earl of Kinnoull, 26. John Gathorne-Hardy, Lord Medway, eldest son of the Earl of Cranbrook, 121. Ashton Peel, Viscount Clanfield, eldest son of the Earl Peel, 129. ), Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage: Clan Chiefs, Scottish Feudal Barons (107th Edition, Burke's Peerage Ltd, London, 2003) Annually, the Earl Marshal helps organise the State Opening of Parliament. But there are plenty of nonroyal dukes as well; in 2020, there were 24. The holding of the Earl Marshalship secures the Duke of Norfolk's traditional position as the "first peer" of the land, above all other dukes. Several members of the royal family attend a wedding including (L-R): Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, Princess Anne, Lady Frederick Windsor, and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex on May 18, 2019. Facing page: Harold Godwinson rescues two Norman soldiers who have become mired in quicksand. George Pelham, Lord Worsley, eldest son of the Earl of Yarborough, 108. Alexander Baring, Viscount Errington, eldest son of the Earl of Cromer, 122. As the current Lord Steward of the Household, The Earl of Dalhousie ranks higher in precedence than he would by virtue of the seniority of his Earldom alone. [2][3][4] In a declaration made on 16 June 1673 by Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, the Lord Privy Seal, in reference to a dispute over the exercise of authority over the Officers of Arms the powers of the Earl Marshal were stated as being "to have power to order, judge, and determine all matters touching arms, ensigns of nobility, honour, and chivalry; to make laws, ordinances and statutes for the good government of the Officers of Arms; to nominate Officers to fill vacancies in the College of Arms; [and] to punish and correct Officers of Arms for misbehaviour in the execution of their places". Sean Nugent, Lord Delvin, eldest son of the Earl of Westmeath, 61. Benjamin Bathurst, Lord Apsley, eldest son of the Earl Bathurst, 54. Clarence has not been used since 1478, when George (the brother of Edward IV) was executed for treason. Alexander Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles, eldest son of the Earl of Harewood, 92. The Earl Marshal also remains to have charge over the College of Arms and no coat of arms may be granted without his warrant. The Earl of Wessex is the youngest child of The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh and a full-time working member of the Royal Family. Dukes are the highest rank of peerage below the sovereign. And at Tesco I could replenish the wine stocks with a box of 3l of te cheapest red. The dukedom of Cumberland, for example, was once held by George II's son, Prince William Augustus. We encourage you to research and . Prince Harry makes subtle personal change amid Prince William's new John Meade, Lord Gillford, eldest son of the Earl of Clanwilliam, 71. Edward and Georgina Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke and Duchess. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Chester, Pembroke, Durham) whose titles were connected to entire counties, with regal jurisdiction (jura regalia) and enjoying full privileges and fruits of royal seigniory, (2) earldoms created by the king and appointed to a county, but only enjoying right to a third of the profits of the pleas of the county court; (3) earldoms created by royal grants of large tracts of land to be held in feudal service (per servitum unius comitatus), erecting the tract to a county to support the earldom. 11. Alexander Sinclair, Lord Berriedale, eldest son of the Earl of Caithness, 20. In the Middle Ages, the Earl Marshal and the Lord High Constable were the officers of the king's horses and stables. James Studley, Viscount Reidhaven, eldest son of the Earl of Seafield, 38. However, the future for non-royal dukedoms is not bright. John Douglas, Lord Aberdour, eldest son of the Earl of Morton, 17. The lowest peerage rank is baron. Those receiving a life peerage, which can't be inherited, also received the title of baron or baroness. Shane Jocelyn, Viscount Jocelyn, eldest son of the Earl of Roden, 70. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, List of earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, List of earls in the reign of Richard III of England, List of the titled nobility of England and Ireland 13001309, Complete Peerage, 1st edition, Vol VIII, P 171, Earls in the peerages of Britain and Ireland, Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury, William Hastings-Bass, 17th Earl of Huntingdon, Robert Fiennes-Clinton, 19th Earl of Lincoln, Daniel Finch-Hatton, 17th Earl of Winchilsea, Nicholas Ashley-Cooper, 12th Earl of Shaftesbury, Daniel Finch-Hatton, 12th Earl of Nottingham, William Child Villiers, 10th Earl of Jersey, Alistair Sutherland, 25th Earl of Sutherland, Simon Bowes-Lyon, 19th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, George Baillie-Hamilton, 14th Earl of Haddington, James Lindesay-Bethune, 16th Earl of Lindsay, Simon Abney-Hastings, 15th Earl of Loudoun, Alexander Leslie-Melville, 15th Earl of Leven, James Douglas-Hamilton, 11th Earl of Selkirk, Filippo Rospigliosi, 12th Earl of Newburgh, Alexander Scrymgeour, 12th Earl of Dundee, Patrick Hope-Johnstone, 11th Earl of Annandale and Hartfell, Alexander Leslie-Melville, 14th Earl of Melville, Charles Finch-Knightley, 12th Earl of Aylesford, Charles Stanhope, 12th Earl of Harrington, George Hobart-Hampden, 10th Earl of Buckinghamshire, Robin Fox-Strangways, 10th Earl of Ilchester, William Pleydell-Bouverie, 9th Earl of Radnor, Alexander Murray, 8th and 9th Earl of Mansfield, Christopher Edgcumbe, 9th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Waterford, William Anthony Nugent, 13th Earl of Westmeath, Robert King-Tenison, 12th Earl of Kingston, George Dawson-Damer, 7th Earl of Portarlington, Richard Hely-Hutchinson, 8th Earl of Donoughmore, Richard Graham-Toler, 7th Earl of Norbury, Peter St Clair-Erskine, 7th Earl of Rosslyn, Timothy Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 7th Earl of Minto, James Temple-Gore-Langton, 9th Earl Temple of Stowe, Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 5th Earl of Cranbrook, Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith, Simon Bowes-Lyon, 6th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Benedict Baldwin, 5th Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, David Lloyd George, 4th Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Norton Knatchbull, 3rd Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Shane Alexander, 2nd Earl Alexander of Tunis, Mark Cunliffe-Lister, 4th Earl of Swinton, David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, Alexander Macmillan, 2nd Earl of Stockton, Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Earl of Forfar, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_earldoms&oldid=1140854177, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1st creation; recreated 1031, 1055, 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1067, 1141, 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, 2nd creation; recreated 1055, 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1052, 1058, 1067, 1141, 1199, 2nd creation; forfeit 10511057; recreated 1051, 1067, 2nd creation; recreated 1058, 1067, 1141, 1199, 3rd creation; recreated 1065, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 4th creation; recreated 1067, 1067, 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 2nd creation; recreated 1141, 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, 5th creation; recreated 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 6th creation; recreated 1067, 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 7th creation; forfeit 10681070; recreated 1068, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1140, 1141, 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 8th creation; recreated 1070, 1072, 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 1st creation; recreated 1071, 1121, 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 2nd creation; recreated 1121, 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 9th creation; recreated 1075, 1080, 1086, 1139, 1189, 11th creation; recreated 1086, 1139, 1189, 3rd creation; recreated 1232, 1253, 1264, 1850, 2nd creation; recreated 1141, 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 3rd creation; recreated 1180, 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 3rd creation; recreated 1227, 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, granted by Empress Matilda, unconfirmed by subsequent monarchs, never used by descendants, 4th creation; recreated 1189, 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 5th creation; recreated 1217, 1225, 1307, 1330, 4th creation; recreated 1321, 1360, 1461, 1465, 1866, de Clinton, Pelham-Clinton-Hope, Fiennes-Clinton, extinct 1661, on the death of the 2nd earl, this title was possibly never actually created, but has been claimed as a subsidiary title by the, extinct 1942, on the death of the 8th earl, de Moravia/Sutherland, Gordon, Sutherland, Leveson-Gower, Sutherland (Janson), peerage earldom dormant, territorial earldom extant, peerage for life only; subsidiary title of the, de Burgh, Plantagenet, Mortimer, Plantagenet, second creation (the first was in the Peerage of Great Britain), Montagu-Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, Wortley, British Army officer; Commander-in-Chief of the Forces (from 1900 to 1904); former Commander-in-Chief of the British Forces in South Africa, Commander-in-Chief, Ireland, and Commander-in-Chief, India, colonial administrator; Consul-General of Egypt (from 1883 to 1907), Conservative Party politician; former First Commissioner of Works (from 1902 to 1905), Liberal Party politician; Lord Steward of the Household (from 1905 to 1907), Liberal Party politician; Lord High Chancellor (from 1905 to 1912), former Prime Minister (from 1894 to 1895); also, Liberal Party politician; Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (from 1908 to 1913); former Governor of Victoria (from 1895 to 1900), Conservative Party politician; former Viceroy of India (from 1899 to 1905); created, British Army officer and cabinet minister; Secretary of State for War (from 1914 to 1916); formerly British Consul-General in Egypt and Commander-in-Chief, India, Conservative Party politician; former Chancellor of the Exchequer (from 1895 to 1902); elevated to an earldom following his work on government finances during the First World War, cousin and brother-in-law of George V; ennobled after relinquishing his German titles, Liberal Party politician; Lord Chief Justice of England (from 1913 to 1921) and former Attorney General (from 1910 to 1913); created, Royal Navy officer; Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Fleet (from 1916 to 1919), British Army officer; Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force (from 1915 to 1919), Conservative Party and Irish Unionist Alliance politician; former leader of the latter (from 1910 to 1919) and a former cabinet minister, Liberal Party politician and colonial administrator; Governor-General of South Africa (from 1914 to 1920), Conservative Party politician; Foreign Secretary (from 1919 to 1924); former Viceroy of India (from 1899 to 1905); subsidiary title of the, former Prime Minister (from 1902 to 1905). Dukes in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia David Marsham, Viscount Marsham, eldest son of the Earl of Romney, 83. As a symbol of his office, he carries a baton of gold with black finish at either end. Why the lesser title? The premier duke and earl of England is the Duke of Norfolk. Anthony Brabazon, Lord Ardee, eldest son of the Earl of Meath, 62. Frederick Alexander, Viscount Alexander, eldest son of the Earl of Caledon, 81. Family seats of English baronets and gentry. The House of Lords Act 1999 removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, but the Act provided that the persons holding the office of Earl Marshal and, if a peer, the Lord Great Chamberlain continue for the time being to have seats so as to carry out their ceremonial functions in the House of Lords. Royal Dukes | Unofficial Royalty Prince Harry and Meghan, the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, are losing their official royal residence in the United Kingdom. Even when the monarch is a Queen regnant, she does not use the title of Duchess. Dukes and duchesses are addressed with their actual title, but all other ranks of the peerage have the appellation Lord or Lady. Alexander Grey, Viscount Howick, eldest son of the Earl Grey, 90. (Elected officials make up the House of Commons, the government's lower chamber.) The last British dukedom to become extinct was the title of Duke of Portland in 1990.[1]. St Mary the Virgin, Elham, Kent | The last weekend of the mo | Flickr This page lists all earldoms, extant, extinct, dormant, abeyant, or forfeit, in the peerages of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom.. Information om The Life of the Most Illustrious Prince John, Duke of Argyle and Greenwich. G.E. Ivo Bligh, Lord Clifton, eldest son of the Earl of Darnley, 65. None of these titles is extant. David Boyle, Viscount of Kelburn, eldest son of the Earl of Glasgow, 41. Even the. Crusader Kings 3 console commands and cheats are handy tools for anyone who needs an extra bit of help when first starting out. Buckingham Palace announced that the Earl of Wessex will be granted the dukedom of Edinburgh when the title reverts to The Crown (the title will only revert to The Crown on both the death of the current Duke of Edinburgh, and the succession of the Prince of Wales to the throne). William Bentinck, Viscount Woodstock, eldest son of the Earl of Portland, 12. At present, there are roughly 30 dukedoms in the United Kingdom, with 10 of them being Royal Dukedoms, which are held by members of the Royal Family. Papers Past | Newspapers | North Otago Times | 9 March 1911 | AMUSEMENT. The heirs of the current royal dukes are Duke of Cambridge: Prince George of Wales Duke of Sussex: Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor Duke of York: no male heir Duke of Gloucester: Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster Duke of Kent: George Windsor, Earl of St. Andrews Current Royal Dukes The longest-reigning monarch of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II had held that position since 1952. 30 December 2020.